Identification and molecular characterization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and channels from important arthropod pests: mosquito, tick and fire ants. Molecular understanding of the effector proteins that function to regulate diuresis or water movement in insects. The identification/ functional characterization of these proteins could be exploited for pesticide discovery. For production agriculture, we focused on insecticide resistance monitoring for cotton pests; for boll weevil we monitored for resistance to malathion in support of the multi-million dollar Boll Weevil Eradication Program